- GREENFUTURE -
THE IMPACT OF ALMATY'S SOIL ON PLANT SELECTION

The soils of Almaty have developed under the influence of the mountainous terrain of the Zailiyskiy Alatau and a continental climate with distinct seasonal changes. The region is dominated by light chestnut and gray-brown soils, which are characterized by moderate fertility and good structure. These soils contain a sufficient amount of minerals but often lack organic matter, requiring additional fertilization for landscaping purposes. A key feature is their excellent drainage ability — they allow water to pass easily, preventing waterlogging and root rot, but during the hot summer months, they can dry out quickly. The pH of Almaty’s soils is usually neutral to slightly alkaline, which suits many ornamental and garden plants. However, some acid-loving species may struggle in these conditions. Considering these factors, a thoughtful plant selection and proper soil care become essential for successful landscaping.

Soil directly influences the vitality of plants — nutrient and moisture availability depends on its composition and structure. Plants that are not well-suited to the soil type often experience stress, are prone to diseases, or fail to thrive. In Almaty, where soils are well-drained yet prone to dryness, drought-tolerant and low-maintenance species with deep root systems grow best, as they can access moisture from deeper layers. Lavender, sage, rosemary, and certain conifers are ideal for these conditions. On more fertile and moist plots, ornamental shrubs and flowers that require more nutrients — such as lilacs, roses, and barberry — can be used. Soil pH is also important: a neutral to slightly alkaline environment is favorable for thuja, juniper, maples, and many deciduous trees. Understanding these nuances allows for plantings that require minimal maintenance while maintaining their decorative appeal over time.

To create a sustainable and visually pleasing landscape, it is important to account for the specific soil conditions of each site. First and foremost, it is recommended to use native and well-adapted plant species that are naturally suited to Almaty's climate and soil. Plants such as serviceberry, hawthorn, and sea buckthorn are more tolerant of temperature fluctuations and drought. Another important aspect is improving soil structure using mulch and organic additives. Mulching helps retain moisture, reduces evaporation, and prevents weed growth, while the addition of compost and humus enriches the soil with essential nutrients. When planning plantings, it's also beneficial to create microclimates and divide the area into zones with varying moisture and sunlight levels. Moisture-loving plants such as willow or ferns should be placed in denser, wetter soil areas, while drought-tolerant species thrive in dry, sunny spots. This approach helps make the most of natural conditions and ensures harmonious plant development.