- GREENFUTURE -
GRAPE CULTIVATION IN THE CLIMATE OF KAZAKHSTAN

Kazakhstan’s climate requires warmth, sun, and wind protection for successful grape cultivation. The most favorable conditions are found in the southern regions such as Almaty, Zhambyl, and Turkestan. Grapevines grow best on the southern or southwestern side of a plot with good airflow and well-drained soil. Neutral or slightly alkaline soils are preferred. Even in northern areas, grapes can thrive if cold-resistant varieties are chosen and winter protection is provided. Sheltered spots near walls or fences and ample sunlight are key to healthy growth and fruit ripening. With proper site selection, vines can bear fruit for over 20 years.

Before planting, thoroughly prepare the soil by digging it up, removing weed roots, and enriching it with organic fertilizers. Dig planting holes about 60–80 cm deep, and add a mix of compost, sand, and wood ash to the bottom. This provides both drainage and essential nutrients. Space plants 1.5–2 meters apart to ensure sufficient light and air circulation. Place the seedlings so that the root collar is slightly below the soil surface, then water generously. Young vines require support - install trellises or arches early for future training. The first two years are crucial: the plant establishes its root system, gains strength, and lays the foundation for future harvests. It's important to loosen the soil regularly and control weeds, especially during the early stages.

Consistent care is key to healthy vines. In spring, prune the plants, fertilize them, and treat for fungal diseases. Structural pruning helps direct growth and boosts future yields. In summer, maintain regular watering, tie up shoots, remove excess growth, and protect against pests. Extra care is needed during hot, dry periods. In autumn, harvest the grapes, do sanitary pruning, and cover the vines for winter. During winter, check the coverings to prevent moisture build-up. With this approach, the vines grow evenly, produce stable harvests, and retain their decorative appeal. Even novice gardeners can achieve excellent results within a couple of seasons. Routine care extends the vineyard’s life and maintains its beauty.