- GREENFUTURE -
LANDSCAPING SITES WITH ELEVATION CHANGES IN KAZAKHSTAN

Kazakhstan’s terrain is remarkably diverse — from arid steppes to the humid mountain regions of the Alatau. These natural conditions shape the design approach. In southern and foothill areas, steep slopes and rocky soils are common, which makes drainage systems crucial to prevent runoff from washing away fertile soil.
Before landscaping begins, a geodetic survey and soil analysis are carried out. Based on the data, a terracing plan is developed — dividing the site into stable levels. Retaining walls made of stone, concrete, or gabions not only secure the ground but also serve as decorative elements. Along slopes, alpine gardens, rockeries, and dry streams are often created — these features fit naturally into the landscape and remain attractive year-round.
Microclimate is another key factor. Southern slopes receive more sunlight, causing the soil to dry quickly, so drip irrigation and mulching are essential. Northern slopes, on the other hand, tend to be cooler and wetter, requiring proper drainage and shade-tolerant plants.

Plants play a crucial role in both stabilizing slopes and creating visual harmony. The right combination of plant species with varying heights and textures brings balance and structure to the landscape. The upper levels are best planted with trees that have deep root systems — pine, birch, willow, or juniper — which help anchor the soil and form a vertical accent.
Mid-level terraces are often decorated with shrubs such as spirea, dogwood, barberry, and potentilla. These plants create dense borders that define terrace lines. In the lower parts of the terrain, where moisture accumulates, moisture-loving plants such as irises, astilbes, marsh marigolds, and hostas are ideal.
Groundcover species — sedum, bugleweed, thyme, and periwinkle — provide erosion control by covering bare soil and creating a continuous green carpet. To ensure a natural appearance, plants are arranged to transition gradually — from tall to low-growing, from vibrant to neutral tones.

Elevation differences provide endless opportunities for creative landscape design. Terraces can be transformed into recreation areas with pergolas, lawns, and decorative retaining walls. Built-in stairways and pathways connect various levels, ensuring safe and comfortable movement around the site.
Lighting plays an important aesthetic and practical role. Spotlights emphasize the contours of slopes, stairs, and trees, adding depth to the landscape after dark. Water features — cascading fountains, small waterfalls, or ponds — enhance the sense of natural harmony while helping regulate humidity.
Material choice is crucial for creating a cohesive look. Stone, wood, pebbles, metal, and plants can be combined to form a unified space where function meets natural beauty. Uneven terrain doesn’t have to be leveled — instead, it becomes the centerpiece of the design concept.